The Population Reference Bureau ( Prb ) - 1143 Words

With an ever-growing population, more water is demanded every single year. Every day I see multiple pregnant women, and I think to myself, what will the world be like in the future for all of these children? The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) has an article on the growth of the world’s population and how it is growing faster than ever before. The PRB states, â€Å"The growth rate of 1.2 percent between 2000 and 2005, when applied to the world s 6.5 billion population in 2005, yields an annual increase of about 78 million people.† (â€Å"Human Population:...†). This may not sound like a lot, but it equates to nearly 214,000 babies born globally each day. That’s an immense amount of people consuming clean water and causing more waste. Asia has held nearly sixty-percent of the world’s population since the 1800’s, and it is predicted to stay there through the year 2050 (â€Å"Human Population:...†). The largest birth rates are in less developed countries, especially Africa, and they are predicted to continue to grow. The undeveloped countries already have clean water shortage issues. As populations grow, better water management practices must be put into place. Well-developed countries are expected to stabilize their growth, but that could also mean water usage could stay the same. The underdeveloped countries will build more infrastructures and broaden their agriculture, but they must be shown how to do so efficiently the first time. Many of the water systems in developed countries areShow MoreRelatedHow Hiv/Aids Affect Population2855 Words   |  12 PagesP O P U L A T I O N R E F E R E N C E B U R E A U HOW HIV AND AIDS AFFECT POPULATIONS by Lori S. Ashford T he AIDS epidemic is one of the most destructive health crises of modern times, ravaging families and communities throughout the world. By 2005, more than 25 million people had died and an estimated 39 million were living with HIV. An estimated 4 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2005—95 percent ofRead MorePopulation Growth And Urban Road Emissions1738 Words   |  7 PagesPOPULATION GROWTH AND URBAN ROAD EMISSIONS Toh Xinyi Cindi1 1Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke St. W., xinyi.toh@mail.mcgill.ca Abstract This paper describes how world population growth is the most challenging factor in affecting urban road emissions. As world population grows, urban population has increased leading to greater demands for private motor vehicles due to issues like urban sprawl and the aspirations for owningRead MoreObesity Is A National Issue For Older Adults And Young Individuals2165 Words   |  9 Pagesfor older adults. The programs are aimed for older adults that aged 60 or older that have more issues with social or economic needs. The program targets to help individuals that are of lower income status, minority older typical are the majority population that these programs are aimed toward. Many individuals from rural communities are usually the ones that use this service provided. Older adults who speaks little English are typically one’s that seek these programs and lastly older adults who doRead More Indias Population Growth Problem and Its Consequences Essay2378 Words   |  10 PagesThe population of India is in trouble. They are facing widespread overpopulation and the second largest AIDS epidemic in the world. The objective is to point out the differences in Indian and US population compositions, total fertility rates, economic conditions, disease control policies, growth, and literacy rates. These comparisons will help to put Indias population problems in perspective. Together, these two countries house the second and third largest populations on the Earth. To put itRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Societal Issue That Has Been Existent1403 Words   |  6 Pagesaddition, about 45 percent of the cases involve minors (less than 18 years). The involvement of minors in the vice is more of the reason why human trafficking is a major societal issue. Melanie Orhant, in an article published in the Population Reference Bureau (PRB), noted that victims of human trafficking are so vulnerable that, at times, assist in their vulnerability (Orhant, 2001). She states that immigration has been a major issue, forcing some countries to adopt stringent measures against immigrationRead MoreWater Pollution in India2920 Words   |  12 Pagesweak is how high the poverty rates are. This includes both rural and urban poverty. Currently, around 38% of the citizens of India are poor. This is about 380 million people (AZAD INDIA FOUNDATION, http://www.azadindia.org). Also, 75.6% of India’s population lives under $2.00 per day (Haub, Carl and O.P. Sharma, http://www.prb.org). This shows that poor people usually have very large families and they need a great deal of water for their everyday life. The Indian Government is very aware about thisRead MoreAnalyze a Sociological Issue1900 Words   |  8 Pagesthis issue is. I would like to focus the rest of this paper on inequality and minorities as we move forward. A minority is the group that has the least amount of the same thing. A minority is a group that is different from the rest of the population whether by religions, politics, race, ethnic background or something similar. Minorities in the U.S. are often categorized by race or income. Lower income individuals are usually called a minority or people with lesser education or a low occupationRead MoreThe Increase Of Humans On Earth Essay1873 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans 11 more people are being born than passing away. Ecology.com also states that there are 131.4 million births per year while only 55.3 million deaths per year, this will result is a massive overcrowding of humans on earth if we do not implement population control across the planet. People are living longer because of the advancements made in medicine which has allowed the life expectancy rate to increase by nearly 30 years if we compare the life expectancy rate from ecology.com to a ucl.ac.uk museumRead More Women Are St ill Fighting For Equal Rights Essay2913 Words   |  12 Pagesnext revolution in agricultural productivity may well be driven by women’s education.† This is showing that education is a great factor not just for the women themselves but for the communities and the society as a whole. 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Construction Technology Example

Essays on Construction Technology Essay Media Footbridge Introduction The Media footbridge is a pedestrian walkway linking Trafford situated in the South to the new Media Development in Stafford situated in the North. The swinging footbridge cuts across the Manchester Ship Canal next to Salford Quays. The Media city is a fast growing region with offices for prominent broadcasting corporations like BBC, which will play a great role in molding the future of Salford Quays. The construction proposal was from Peel media while a collaboration of Gifford, Wilkinson Eyre Architects, and Bennett Associates were allotted the role of work on site survey and come up with a favorable design. The bridge is not only a footbridge but also a symbolic landmark anonymous to the Media City and Trafford Wharl. This paper focuses on the environmental, ecological, geotechnical, and hydrological considerations that designer and constructors of the Media Foot Bridge Salford, Manchester had to have in mind when deciding on the construction technolo gy to use. Development proposal endeavors to address the geotechnical restriction of the location, and allow pedestrians to access to the Media City Development, Imperial War Museum link to the present Lowry Bridge boosting access to the Manchester Ship Canal. The footbridge has a wharf at Manchester Ship Canal such that it can open or close when swung. Piers at every quayside offer access ramp to the bottom of the bridge. The most important part of the designing process was to decide how the bridge would open for transient vessels. The exact location of the site is Salford, within Manchester in an area currently under industrial use. The land encompasses the Manchester Ship Canal, Salford Quays within which a media City is being developed and Trafford Quay, which is currently under little significant utilization (Curran Thompson, 2010, p. 5-6).Designing of such a bridge was vital since a fixed bridge would meddle with the public right of navigating over port Manchester, which woul d require statutory authority. However, this opening bridge is appropriate since no controversies would arise and it construction only requires permission for planning. Peel Holdings, the client behind this project required the bridge to be greatly visible to act as a pointer to the region, maximise connectivity, as well as be distinctive, and thrilling (Bain Wright Partnership Limited, 2009, P. 16-19) The Manchester Ship Canal required the designers to consider the development potential of restraining docking of big vessels and the clearance amid the underside of bridge deck. The construction of the planned bridge does not necessitate evaluation by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as it does not fall under any of the two schedules of the EIA groupings. However, the planners had to confirm that the bridge passed test such as ability to cope with floods, was ecological friendly, and built in proper grounds. Archaeological Desk Study and Desk study of Water Quality Impacts we re among the reports prepared to support the construction.Geotechnical results after location exploration showed the ground consist of Made Ground comprising of gravely clay and of about 1.0 and 5.0 drift deposits of organic sediment and thick gravels. The gravely clay encompasses of brick rubbles, concrete, ember, glass. Below the drift deposits was sandstone bedrock, approximately 13 meters under the ground level. The site also had evidence of other compound such as lead, and other hydrocarbons with similar chemical composition range of extractable petroleum. This called for proper care in order to reduce ground disturbance as well as appropriate disposal of both the ground and the canal silts. The bridge was designed in a manner to reduce its impact on existing structures such dock walls south of the site. Permo-Triassic Chester Pebble Beds Formation lying on Carboniferous Upper Coal characterizes the underlying ground. (Bain Wright Partnership Limited, 2009, P.4-10)Ecologically the site mainly comprises of short perennial vegetation common in urban settings. Assessments proved that construction of the bridge would not affect the role of the Manchester Ship canal as a wildlife strip. However, mitigation measures were recommended to ensure that the construction did not cause pollution. The designers were required to consider drainage aspects as well as treatment of wastewaters to diminish pollution. The site is reasonably far from Trafford Ecology Park thus no serious impacts were projected (Bain Wright Partnership Limited, 2009, p 17).The bridge received approval from Technical Approval of Highway Structures for fulfillment of features such as design suppositions, loading, as well as the analysis techniques. Construction Design and Management (CDM) assessed the risks the construction could have on the health and safety of constructors, user, and all those involved in the designing. The assessment was done throughout the designing and construction process to ensure the project did not put the health or life of anybody at risk (Curran Thompson, 2010, p.4).Hydrological results showed a key aquifer beneath but the site does not fall under a groundwater protection region. The water height of water in the canal is about 21.37m AOD. Flood risk assessment demonstrated that groundwater heights are above base of canal thus no anticipated pollution and had no residual flood jeopardy. Foundation not expected to expose underlying silt peat deposits (Bain Wright Partnership Limited, 2009, P. 16-18)In conclusion, the construction of Media Foot Bridge Salford posed no danger on environment, was ecologically friendly, and put into consideration the welfare of the society. The important role the development would play overweighed on the minimal risks it could possibly pose to the life of residents as well as the environment. The bridge design reduces its impact on existing structures such as the already present dock walls south of the site.Works Cited Bain Wright Partnership Limited 2009, Trafford Wharf Promenade: Planning Statement.Curran, P Thompson, S 2010, Media City Footbridge, Salford Quays. Viewed 06 May 2012 http://www.gifford.uk.com/fileadmin/uploads/Documents/Research_and_Opiniom/MediaCity_Footbridge_Venice_Sept_2010-full.pdf

Apology by Plato free essay sample

The Apology is an account by Plato of Socrates’ speech given at his trial in 399 BC. Socrates was an Athenian philosopher accused of two crimes: corrupting the youth and not believing in the gods. In Socrates’ speech, he explains to a jury of 501 Athenians why he is not guilty of the crimes he is accused of. He uses a variety of logical arguments to refute his charges yet in the end he is still found guilty and sentenced to death (Grube 21). Socrates’ use of logos and his absence of the use of pathos makes for an extremely logical speech, however his guilty verdict raises questions about the legal systems and society of Athens at the time, the importance of ethos when defending yourself in the court of law, and even the society of modern day. For the majority of his life, Socrates spent a good deal of his time asking questions of the people of Athens. His goal was to arrive at a set of political and ethical truths. Contrary to many people at the time, Socrates did not lecture about the things he knew; he actually claimed to be rather ignorant. He claimed he was wise only because he recognized his ignorance and did not claim to know what he did not know (Grube 26). The questions Socrates asked forced his audiences to think through a problem and arrive at a logical conclusion. At times, the answers seemed so obvious his opponents often looked foolish. His â€Å"Socratic Method† of questioning as it came to be called later, was adored by Socrates’ followers but despised by others throughout Athens (â€Å"Socrates Biography. †). Five years prior to 399 BC, Athens had just suffered a defeat to the Spartans, bringing an end to the Peloponnesian War. Its once strong democracy was taken over by Thirty Tyrants for nine months who executed over one thousand Athenians. However, by the end of nine months, an army of democrats restored democracy to Athens, but not without losing significant power in the Greek world (Colaiaco 13). This political turmoil and fear of losing more power in Greece set the stage for Socrates’ trial. Socrates begins his speech by establishing his ethos, meaning his credibility as a speaker. However, he does so in an unconventional matter. Rather than boasting of his speaking abilities and asserting himself as a wise and reliable source of information, he instead begins by saying, â€Å"I show myself not to be an accomplished speaker at all. † He even says that he was almost â€Å"carried away† by his accusers during their speech due to their persuasive speaking (Grube 22). Socrates goes on to say that he does not know the correct way to speak in the court of law, so the jury will have to excuse his unusual dialect (23). Socrates’ opening statements probably seemed absurd to the 501 jurors. Why would a man on trial and facing death begin his speech by claiming to be a terrible speaker? Socrates set up his speech this way for a specific reason. Besides the main two accusations against Socrates, corrupting the youth and being an atheist, he was also accused of making the weaker argument into the stronger (24). Due to this accusation, Socrates may have felt the need to downplay his speaking skills to the jurors. The jury could have been biased going into the trial thinking that no matter what Socrates said they should not believe him because of his reputation as a â€Å"persuasive† speaker. By weakening his ethos at the beginning of his speech, Socrates could then go on to give an argument that would be less affected by the jury’s previous opinion of him. As the speech goes on, he begins to subtly build his ethos back up. Within the claims he makes to the audience, he references witnesses as proof to the claims rather than just his spoken word. For example, when explaining to the jury that he possesses â€Å"human wisdom† he says, â€Å"I will refer to a trustworthy source. I shall call upon the god at Delphi as witness to the existence and nature of my wisdom† (25). Rather than simply making a claim to the jury, he backs up his claim with a witness, and a respected witness at that, a God. This technique forces the jurors who may still be wary about the trustworthiness of Socrates due to his persuasive reputation to believe him. Additionally, it proves that Socrates does in fact believe in the gods contrary to the accusations made against him. He then goes on to criticize his accusers, (Meletus, Anytus, and Lycon), using logical arguments to make their accusations seem unthoughtful and rash, which in turn destroys their ethos (30). After Socrates’ initial introduction, he begins laying out his arguments against his accusations with the use of logos, or persuasion by means of logic and reasoning. Socrates begins first with the claim that he corrupts the youth. He directly asks Meletus who he thinks â€Å"improves† the youth. Meletus first responds with â€Å"the laws,† but Socrates refuses to accept that answer. He wants to know exactly who improves them. Meletus goes on to say after a bit more questioning that all of Athens improves the youth besides Socrates. This opens the door for Socrates to use his first logical appeal. He asks Meletus, â€Å"Tell me: does this also apply to horses, do you think? That all men improve them and one individual corrupts them? † (Grube 29). Socrates says this is absurd and that it is in fact the opposite. He declares that only a few people who are actually horse breeders can improve horses, and that the majority would corrupt them. Using this example, Socrates claims that it must be the same with humans and subtly hints that he is actually the one improving all of Athens whereas the majority are the ones corrupting it. After this explanation, Socrates states that Meletus has not given any thought about the accusations he has brought Socrates to trial for (30). The combination of Socrates’ logical appeal and his attack on Meletus’ character makes the jury question Meletus’ ethos as Socrates prepares for his next argument, which is another appeal to the claim that he corrupts the youth. He asks Meletus, â€Å"does the man exist who would rather be harmed than benefited by his associates? † Meletus answers no. Socrates then asks Meletus whether he thinks Socrates corrupts the youth deliberately or by accident, and Meletus answers deliberately. Next, Socrates explains that if those two statements are true, he cannot be guilty. It would be senseless for him to corrupt the youth because if he did he would be at risk of being harmed him in some way by them too. Likewise, if Socrates did corrupt them, he would be doing so unintentionally. In that case, Socrates says his wrongdoings should simply be pointed out and corrected, not put on trial in the court of law (30). At this point in the speech, Socrates has countered the first accusation against him but is still faced with refuting the second. On top of corrupting the youth, Meletus claims that Socrates does not believe in the Gods. Socrates starts his argument by once again trying to make Meletus out to be an unreliable source lacking ethos. He mocks Meletus’ accusation against him by saying, â€Å"’Socrates is guilty of not believing in the gods, but believing in gods,’ and surely that is the part of a jester! † (Grube 31). Socrates goes on to explain this statement in further detail proving why Meletus’ claims are so absurd. He asks Meletus, â€Å"Does any man believe in spiritual activities who does not believe in spirits? † Meletus reluctantly answers that no one does. Socrates then points out that Meletus says that he believes in â€Å"spiritual activities† which sets up Socrates’ next question. He asks, â€Å"Do we not believe spirits to be either gods or the children of gods? Yes or no? † Meletus agrees that this is true. Finally, with the information gathered from questioning, Socrates constructs his logical argument. He pronounces that if it is true that he believes in spirits, and spirits are either gods or children of the gods, Meletus’ argument is invalid and contradictory (32). Socrates is trying to convey to the jury that if the answers to his questions are true as Meletus says himself they are, Socrates must be undeniably not guilty, for in order to prove his guilt, the questions would have to be false. Socrates’ speech is full of logical arguments, but it is almost entirely lacking of any pathos, meaning appeals to the jury’s emotions. However, Socrates is almost proud of this fact. Towards the end of his speech he talks about his reasoning for not using pathos. Socrates describes a man on trial who begged and pleaded with the jury, and who brought his children, family, and friends in an attempt to evoke pity from the jurors. He then says, â€Å"I do none of these things, even though I may seem to be running the ultimate risk† (Grube 38). Socrates says that to do such things â€Å"would be a disgrace† (39). He feels that appealing to the jury’s emotions in an attempt to achieve innocence is dishonorable and unjust. Socrates strongly believes in the difference between right and wrong and the value of his reputation when it comes to those aspects of life. He says, â€Å"I do not think it right to supplicate the jury and to be acquitted because of this, but to teach and persuade them† (39). Socrates would rather argue his case honorably using his methods of logic, than use crafty means of emotional appeal to win his case. In the end, Socrates’ rational arguing was not enough to prove his innocence to the jury. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. As a modern reader, one would think that Socrates clearly proved his innocence and that the law and society of Athens at the time had to have been corrupt. However, the Apology raises an Important question about the present day: is society really that much different now? For instance, in a 2001 interview with Bill O’Reilly, rock star Marilyn Manson was questioned about his effects on the youth of the world. Many parents claim that Manson is a bad influence on their children due to his lyrically explicit songs, religious beliefs, and unusual appearance and attire. However, when asked by O’Reilly what message he was trying to convey through his lyrics, Manson replied, â€Å"I try and take everyone’s ideals, common morals, flip them around, make people look at them differently, question them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Marilyn Manson. †). Socrates and Manson seem to share quite similar views. Socrates was always questioning people about their morals and beliefs in an attempt to arrive at some sort of ethical truth. Manson seems to have a similar goal in mind. So why then does a good portion of society shun Manson for being a corrupter of the youth while Socrates is now generally praised for doing a very similar thing at his time? It seems that if the concepts outlined in the Apology are applied to the modern day, our society as a whole has not changed all that much. We still feel that a few individuals can corrupt an entire nation of youth, whereas the majority is thought to be on the right track for improving them. If the ideas of Socrates are truly compared to that of a modern day radical thinker such as Manson, it is fairly easy to see how the Athenians found his philosophies so bizarre. Socrates’ unique use of rhetorical appeals in the Apology made for a surprisingly convincing speech. His lack of ethos at the beginning of the speech along with his complete absence of pathos made for an unusual form of dialect in terms of the conventions of rhetoric. However, Socrates’ extensive use of logos and his distinct method of questioning forced his audience to think logically about the accusations made against him and the legitimacy of those accusations. The fact that the Athenian jury found Socrates guilty brings into question the political and social issues Athens faced at the time, but also raises questions about whether modern society is any different. Socrates’ ideas still echo throughout today’s world and his use of logical arguments will undoubtedly be imitated and refined for many years to come.